R744 Refrigerant, refrigeration grade carbon dioxide
Product identity
- Safety class
- A1 (low toxicity, non-flammable)
- Type
- Natural refrigerant
- GWP
- 1 (GWP definitional baseline) (IPCC AR4)
- ODP
- 0 (not an ozone-depleting substance)
Application areas
Grouped by equipment type, for selection reference only; the equipment manufacturer's requirements and local regulations prevail.
Thermophysical properties
- Normal boiling point (1 atm)
- -78.4 °C
| Saturation temp. (°C) | -28.9 | -17.8 | -6.7 | 0 | 10 | 21.1 | 30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saturation pressure (bar abs) | 14.81 | 21.08 | 29.09 | 34.86 | 45.6 | 58.79 | 74.8 |
Data taken from published pressure–temperature tables and interpolated; for selection reference only — do not use for safety-critical design, commissioning or charging calculations. The equipment manufacturer's requirements and primary references prevail. Refrigerant pressure–temperature tool
Regulatory and compliance status (R744 / Carbon dioxide (CO2))
R744 (Carbon dioxide (CO2)) has an ODP of 0 and a GWP of 1 (baseline value 1), and is the reference baseline itself used by the Kigali Amendment and the F-gas Regulation to assess other refrigerants; it is neither an ozone-depleting substance nor a reduced fluorinated gas. As a natural refrigerant, it is explicitly encouraged for use by major economies. The following are the regional status as of 2026.
EU
- RegulationF-gas Regulation (EU) 2024/573
- ClassificationR744 is the definitional baseline of GWP and is outside the reduction scope
- Policy directionExplicitly promoted for scenarios such as supermarket cold chains and heat-pump water heaters
- For R744Fully compliant, usable in new installations, encouraged by policy
US
- RegulationAmerican Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act + SNAP
- ClassificationConstrained object is HFC; R744 is non-HFC
- Policy directionListed by SNAP as an acceptable alternative, and one of the mainstream solutions for supermarket cold chains
- For R744Not bound by the HFC quota
China
- RegulationKigali Amendment
- ClassificationReduction target is HFC; R744 is a natural refrigerant
- Policy directionGreen and high-efficiency refrigeration action plans encourage natural refrigerant technologies such as CO₂ transcritical
- For R744Not bound by HFC quota; its use is encouraged
Japan
- RegulationAct on Rational Use and Proper Management of Fluorocarbons
- MechanismSets GWP caps by equipment type (minimum 100)
- For R744GWP 1 is far below the caps of all equipment types, and as the baseline substance it is fully usable
Other countries and regions (grouped by the Kigali Amendment)
Apart from the four columns of EU / US / China / Japan, the global 170+ Kigali parties all comply under the A5 (developing countries) / non-A5 (developed countries) groupings of the Montreal Protocol, and none impose equipment-level bans. The grouping determines the HFC reduction pace and is unrelated to geography — for example, the Middle East Gulf and India belong to A5 Group 2, while Brazil, Mexico and Chile belong to A5 Group 1 (same group as China). The table below is a quick reference for the groupings of major markets:
| Grouping | HFC reduction pace | Major countries / regions (representative) |
|---|---|---|
| A5 Group 1 (developing countries, including China) | 2024 freeze → 10% reduction by 2029 → 30% by 2035 → 50% by 2040 → 80% by 2045 | Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Mexico, South Africa, South Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Egypt, Nigeria, etc. (about 140 countries in total) |
| A5 Group 2 (high-ambient-temperature group, HAT) | 2028 freeze → 10% reduction by 2032 → 20% by 2037 → 30% by 2042 → 85% by 2047 | India, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates |
| Other non-A5 (developed countries, except EU/US/Japan) | 85% reduction by 2036 / reduced to 15% by 2050 | Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Switzerland, Norway, United Kingdom, Russia* (first two steps delayed: 5% by 2020, 35% by 2025), etc. |
For R744: not affected by HFC reduction, and is the GWP baseline substance. For the complete list of Parties and groupings, refer to the UNEP Ozone Secretariat (data version 2026.09).
Supply & Ordering
- Packaging
- cylinders / ton drums / ISO tanks / tankers (by grade and order size)
- Minimum order
- confirmed on enquiry; negotiable for bulk purchases
- Terms & lead time
- FOB / CIF / EXW and others confirmed on request
Please confirm the exact packaging, minimum order and lead time via the enquiry form below.
About WULA
WULA was founded in 2013. We are a refrigerant supply organizer, focused on moving goods from the production line to the customer's own line and site.
- Compliance paperwork
- We help customers meet compliance requirements: sales filing, per-transaction verification, quarterly reporting and three-year retention of documents.
- Order handling
- Scattered orders are managed through consolidated, data-driven administration to keep procurement efficient.
- Supply allocation
- Forecasting and coordinated allocation across multiple warehouses, to keep supply stable.
Need a quote or technical documents for R744?
Get current pricing, packaging options, MSDS and compliance files. Send us your requirement and our sales and technical team will get back to you shortly.
Bulk orders, custom packaging and other technical questions are all welcome.
Regulatory data updated: 2026-09-18 · v2026.09.12
