Safety Data Sheet (SDS) - 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluorobutane (R365mfc)

1.1 Product identifier

1.2 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

1.3 Emergency telephone number

National Chemical Emergency Hotline (China): +86-532-83889090 (24 hours)

Supplier Emergency Contact: +86-571-87024025

2.1 GHS classification

2.2 GHS label elements

Signal word: Danger

2.3 Other hazards

• Vapor is heavier than air (~5.73 times) and may spread long distances along the ground; ignition at a distant point may cause flashback.
• Highly flammable liquid with flash point of -27°C; explosive limits 3.6%–13.3% (vol in air). Vapor forms explosive mixtures with air.
• Decomposes at high temperatures producing toxic and corrosive gases (hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, carbonyl fluoride, etc.).
• Containers may rupture or burst when heated due to increased internal pressure.
• High-concentration exposure may cause cardiac arrhythmia (cardiac sensitization).

3.1 Substance/mixture

This product is a pure substance.

3.2 Composition information

3.3 Impurity information

4.1 Description of necessary first aid measures

General advice: Remove victim from contaminated area immediately. Keep warm and at rest. Show this SDS to attending physician.

Inhalation:

• Move victim to fresh air immediately. Keep airway clear.
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
• If not breathing, give artificial respiration (preferably with bag-valve-mask or pocket mask; avoid mouth-to-mouth).
• If no pulse, start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately.
• Keep victim warm and at rest. Monitor condition closely.
• Seek medical attention immediately.

Skin contact:

• Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Wash skin with plenty of soap and water.
• If skin irritation or rash occurs, seek medical attention.
• If contact with liquefied gas causes frostbite, immediately flush with lukewarm water (37–40°C) to promote rewarming. Do NOT use hot water or direct heat.
• Do NOT rub frostbitten area. Cover with sterile dressing. Seek medical attention immediately.

Eye contact:

• Immediately hold eyelids open and rinse thoroughly with plenty of water or normal saline for at least 15 minutes.
• Ensure complete irrigation of all eye surfaces by lifting upper and lower lids.
• Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable.
• Seek medical attention immediately, preferably from an ophthalmologist.

Ingestion:

This substance is a liquid at ambient temperature. If ingested, do NOT induce vomiting. Rinse mouth, give water to drink (about 200–300 mL), and keep airway clear. Seek medical attention immediately. If vomiting occurs, lean victim forward to prevent aspiration.

4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed

• Acute inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, ataxia, loss of consciousness, cardiac arrhythmia.
• Skin contact: skin irritation, redness; liquefied gas contact can cause frostbite.
• Eye contact: irritation, tearing, redness; liquefied gas contact can cause severe frostbite and corneal damage.
• Ingestion: possible gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting; aspiration may cause chemical pneumonitis.

4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed

5.1 Extinguishing media

Suitable extinguishing media: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water fog.

Unsuitable extinguishing media: Direct water jet (for liquid fires, a water jet may spread the fire).

5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture

• Highly flammable liquid: flash point -27°C, auto-ignition temperature 405°C, explosive limits 3.6%–13.3% (vol in air).
• Vapor is heavier than air and may accumulate in low-lying areas; ignition at a distant point may cause flashback.
• Thermal decomposition at high temperatures produces toxic and corrosive gases: hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, carbonyl fluoride, etc.
• Containers may rupture or burst when heated due to increased internal pressure.
• May react with alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and aluminum powder under certain conditions.

5.3 Hazardous combustion products

Hydrogen fluoride (HF), carbon monoxide (CO), carbonyl fluoride (COF₂), and other fluorinated compounds.

5.4 Advice for firefighters

• Firefighters must wear positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective fire-resistant clothing.
• If possible, move containers from fire area to a safe location.
• Cool containers with water spray from a safe distance until fire is extinguished.
• Immediately evacuate if containers show discoloration or if pressure relief devices begin to vent.
• Isolate the area; keep unauthorized personnel out.
• Use foam or water fog; avoid direct water jets on liquid fires.
• Prevent firefighting water from entering sewers and waterways.

6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

• Evacuate personnel from the leak area to upwind locations immediately. Establish a perimeter and restrict access.
• Eliminate all ignition sources (open flames, electrical sparks, static electricity). Use only non-sparking tools.
• Emergency responders should wear SCBA, anti-static work clothing, protective gloves, and eye protection.
• Enter from upwind direction.
• Stop leak if it can be done safely.
• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.

6.2 Environmental precautions

• Prevent liquid from entering sewers, basements, or confined spaces (explosion hazard from vapor).
• Prevent from entering waterways, soil, and drainage systems.
• Minimize releases to control greenhouse gas emissions; recover whenever possible.
• Ventilate the area safely to accelerate vapor dispersion.

6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up

• Small leak: Absorb with sand, vermiculite, or other inert material. Collect in sealed containers. Increase ventilation to accelerate vapor dispersion.
• Large leak:
  • Build dikes or dig pits to contain spill and prevent spread.
  • Transfer to tank trucks or dedicated collectors using explosion-proof pumps.
  • Recover using dedicated recovery equipment.
  • Cover with foam to reduce vapor hazard.
• Container leak: If container cannot be sealed, contact supplier for professional handling.

6.4 Reference

See Section 8 (Exposure controls/personal protection) and Section 13 (Disposal considerations).

7.1 Precautions for safe handling

• Handle in closed systems with adequate natural ventilation or local exhaust.
• Personnel must be specially trained and strictly follow operating procedures. Certified personnel only.
• Keep away from fire, heat sources. No smoking in work areas.
• Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Prevent vapor from entering workplace atmosphere.
• Avoid contact with oxidizers and reactive metals.
• Handle containers carefully; do not drop, slide, roll, or bump.
• Equip area with appropriate fire extinguishing equipment and leak emergency response gear.
• No eating or drinking in work areas.
• Wear protective gloves and eye/face protection when handling liquid to prevent frostbite and skin irritation.
• Control flow rate during filling (do not exceed 3 m/s) and ensure proper grounding to prevent static electricity accumulation.

7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

• Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated flammable liquid warehouse.
• Storage temperature should not exceed 30°C. Keep away from fire, heat sources, and direct sunlight.
• Store separately from oxidizers and reactive metals. Do not co-store with incompatible materials.
• Storage area should be equipped with leak emergency response equipment and suitable containment materials.
• Containers must be sealed and properly secured to prevent tipping.
• Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation systems.
• Prohibit use of equipment and tools that can generate sparks.
• Post clear "No Smoking / No Open Flames" warning signs in storage areas.
• Implement two-person receiving/issuing and two-person custody system.
• Equip storage area with appropriate fire extinguishing equipment.

7.3 Specific end uses

For industrial use only. Personnel must be professionally trained. Primarily used as a polyurethane rigid foam blowing agent, also used as refrigerant and aerosol propellant. Do not use for direct food contact, medical inhalation, or other unapproved applications.

8.1 Control parameters

Note: Per GBZ 2.1-2019, this substance is not currently listed in the Chinese OEL table. International standards are recommended as reference. NOAEL = 26,000 ppm.

8.2 Exposure monitoring methods

Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) or mass spectrometry (GC-MS); infrared spectroscopy; combustible gas detector.

8.3 Appropriate engineering controls

• Enclosed process design with general ventilation or local exhaust.
• Provide safety shower and eyewash station.
• Install combustible gas detection alarms in areas where large leaks may occur.
• Use explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.
• All metal equipment must be properly grounded to prevent static electricity accumulation.

8.4 Individual protection measures

Respiratory protection:

• Normal conditions (below exposure limit): no special protection required.
• Elevated concentrations: half-face respirator with organic vapor cartridge is recommended.
• High concentration or emergency rescue/evacuation: positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) must be worn.
• Before entering confined spaces, check combustible gas concentration; if oxygen is insufficient, SCBA must be worn.

Eye/face protection:

• Chemical safety goggles or face shield must be worn to prevent liquid splash and vapor irritation.

Skin protection:

• Hand protection: chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile rubber gloves); for liquefied gas contact, add cryogenic-insulated gloves.
• Body protection: anti-static work clothing; cold-resistant clothing for liquid contact.
• Other: no smoking in work areas; wear anti-static footwear; avoid high-concentration inhalation.

8.5 Hygiene measures

• Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly after work.
• Maintain good personal hygiene.
• Ensure eyewash and emergency shower are available in the workplace.
• Work clothing should be stored in designated areas; do not bring to living quarters.

9.1 Basic physical and chemical properties

9.2 Thermodynamic properties

9.3 Other safety data

10.1 Reactivity

Chemically relatively stable under normal temperature and pressure, but highly flammable.

10.2 Chemical stability

Stable under normal conditions of temperature and pressure; keep away from fire and heat sources.

10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions

• Vapor forms explosive mixtures with air (explosive limits 3.6%–13.3%); extremely flammable when exposed to open flame or high heat.
• Thermal decomposition at high temperatures produces toxic hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, and carbonyl fluoride.
• May react with alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and aluminum powder under high temperature or specific conditions.
• May react violently with strong oxidizing agents.

10.4 Conditions to avoid

High temperature, open flame, sparks, static electricity, direct heat sources, container overpressure

10.5 Incompatible materials

Reactive metals (sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum powder, magnesium powder, etc.), strong oxidizing agents

10.6 Hazardous decomposition products

Hydrogen fluoride (HF), carbon monoxide (CO), carbonyl fluoride (COF₂), and other fluorinated compounds

10.7 Hazardous polymerization

Will not occur.

11.1 Acute toxicity

11.2 Skin irritation/corrosion

Liquid contact can cause skin irritation (GHS classification: Category 2). Liquefied gas contact can cause frostbite (physical injury). Not a chemical corrosive.

11.3 Eye irritation/corrosion

Liquid or vapor contact can cause eye irritation. Liquefied gas contact can cause severe frostbite and corneal damage.

11.4 Respiratory or skin sensitization

No sensitization reported. Available animal test data and human epidemiology data show no sensitization effect.

11.5 Germ cell mutagenicity

In vitro and in vivo tests (Ames test, chromosome aberration test, mouse micronucleus test, etc.) show no mutagenic effect.

11.6 Carcinogenicity

Insufficient evidence for carcinogenicity.

• IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer): Not listed
• ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists): Not listed
• EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency): Not listed

11.7 Reproductive toxicity

Animal studies show no significant reproductive or developmental toxicity at or below the NOAEL (26,000 ppm). No human reproductive toxicity data available.

11.8 STOT-single exposure

• Narcotic effect (Category 3): Inhalation of high concentrations may cause central nervous system depression, manifested as dizziness, drowsiness, headache, and impaired consciousness.
• Cardiac effects: High-concentration exposure may cause cardiac arrhythmia, especially under stress or exercise (catecholamine sensitization).

11.9 STOT-repeated exposure

Repeated low-concentration exposure shows no significant target organ toxicity. Long-term animal inhalation studies (NOAEL 26,000 ppm) have not shown clear organ damage.

11.10 Aspiration hazard

If liquid is ingested and vomiting occurs, aspiration pneumonitis may develop. High-concentration vapor inhalation can cause CNS depression and cardiac sensitization.

12.1 Ecotoxicity

12.2 Persistence and degradability

• Atmospheric degradation: Primarily degraded by reaction with hydroxyl radicals; atmospheric lifetime ~8.6 years.
• Biodegradability: Poorly biodegradable (not readily degraded by microorganisms).
• Hydrolysis: Not readily hydrolyzed at ambient temperature.
• Photodegradation: Can be photochemically degraded in the atmosphere.

12.3 Bioaccumulative potential

log P ≈ 2.74. Low bioaccumulation potential (below the bioconcentration threshold of log P = 4.5).

12.4 Mobility in soil

Low water solubility; partially volatilizes to the atmosphere. When released to soil, part volatilizes and part is retained in the soil.

12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment

Does not meet PBT (persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic) / vPvB (very persistent and very bioaccumulative) criteria.

12.6 Other adverse effects

• Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP): 0 (does not deplete the ozone layer; HFC-class non-ODS substance)
• Global Warming Potential (GWP, 100-year time horizon): ~794 (relative to CO₂ = 1)
• Large releases contribute to global warming; emissions should be controlled with priority on recovery and reuse.
• Not a controlled ozone-depleting substance under the Montreal Protocol (ODP = 0), but is an HFC greenhouse gas controlled under the Kigali Amendment.

13.1 Waste treatment methods

Product/residues:

• Do NOT release directly to atmosphere (greenhouse gas).
• Recovery and recycling (purification and reuse) is the preferred approach.
• If recovery is not feasible, dispose of through a licensed hazardous waste treatment facility.
• High-temperature incineration with alkaline scrubber for fluoride removal is an acceptable method.
• Control feed rate during incineration to prevent vapor explosion.
• Do not discharge to sewers, waterways, or soil.

Contaminated packaging:

• Empty containers must be returned to supplier or a qualified facility for disposal. Do not discard or cut empty containers.
• Empty containers with residual liquid and vapor are managed as hazardous waste.
• Containers must be vented of vapor before disposal.

13.2 Special precautions for disposal

• Refer to national and local regulations before disposal (e.g., Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Hazardous Waste Storage Pollution Control Standards, etc.).
• Personnel should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (see Section 8).
• Ensure good ventilation; keep away from ignition sources; prevent vapor accumulation.
• Disposal must be performed by a qualified and licensed facility.
• Disposal records should be maintained.

14.1 UN number

3163 (Liquefied gas, n.o.s., containing 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane)

14.2 UN proper shipping name

LIQUEFIED GAS, N.O.S. (1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluorobutane)

14.3 Transport hazard class(es)

Class 2.2 Non-flammable, non-toxic gas

14.4 Packing group

Not applicable (Class 2 gases are not assigned a packing group)

14.5 Packing mark / Hazard label

• Primary hazard label: Non-flammable non-toxic gas (green, Class 2.2)
• Subsidiary hazard label: "Flammable" warning label recommended

14.6 Methods and materials for containment and packaging

• Seamless steel cylinders or dedicated pressure vessels. Cylinders must comply with applicable national standards (e.g., GB 5099).
• Common package sizes: 10 kg, 50 kg, 400 kg, 800 kg cylinders/pressure tanks.
• Filling coefficient must not exceed 0.94 kg/L.
• Containers must be equipped with pressure relief devices.

14.7 Special requirements for different modes of transport

Road transport:

• Vehicles must have hazardous cargo transport license.
• Cylinders must have valve caps and safety rings in place.
• Cylinders generally laid flat with valves pointing in same direction; do not stack crosswise. Height must not exceed vehicle guardrail.
• Transport during early morning/evening in summer to avoid direct sunlight.
• Follow designated routes; do not stop in residential or densely populated areas.
• Vehicle exhaust pipes must be fitted with spark arrestors.

Rail transport:

• Prohibit hump shunting (no free-roll classification).
• Transport in boxcars; cylinders upright or laid flat and secured.

Marine transport (IMDG Code):

• UN 3163, Class 2.2
• Marine pollutant: No
• Stowage category: A (on deck or under deck), but must be kept away from heat and ignition sources

Air transport (ICAO/IATA DGR):

• UN 3163, Class 2.2
• Non-flammable non-toxic gas (Note: flammable; must comply with relevant regulations)
• Acceptable on passenger and cargo aircraft (subject to quantity limits)

14.8 Special precautions for user

• Do not co-transport with oxidizers, reactive metals, or food/feed products.
• Vehicles must be equipped with appropriate fire extinguishing equipment and leak emergency response gear.
• Transport personnel must be specially trained and certified.
• Protect from sunlight, rain, and high temperature during transit.
• When stopping en route, stay away from fire, heat sources, and high-temperature areas.
• Exhaust pipes of vehicles carrying this product must be fitted with spark arrestors.
• Load and unload carefully to prevent damage to cylinders and fittings.
• Containers must be properly secured during transport to prevent collision and tipping.

15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture

International regulations:

• UN GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals): 8th revised edition
• Montreal Protocol: Not a controlled ozone-depleting substance (ODP = 0)
• Montreal Protocol Kigali Amendment: R365mfc is listed as a controlled HFC substance, subject to phasedown.
• Kyoto Protocol / Paris Agreement: Listed as greenhouse gas (HFC class)
• EU REACH Regulation (EC 1907/2006): Registered substance
• EU CLP Regulation (EC 1272/2008): Classification, labelling and packaging regulation
• EU F-Gas Regulation (EC 517/2014): Fluorinated greenhouse gases regulation
• US EPA SNAP Program: Approved for blowing agent applications
• US OSHA HCS 2012: Hazard Communication Standard
• US DOT 49 CFR: Hazardous Materials Transportation Regulations
• ADR/RID: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road/Rail
• IMDG Code: International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
• IATA DGR: International Air Transport Association Dangerous Goods Regulations

15.2 Chemical safety assessment

Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out for this substance in the context of this SDS. Users should conduct their own assessment based on specific use conditions.

16.1 References

• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
• NOAA CAMEO Chemicals Database
• PubChem Compound Database (CID 9683)
• ASHRAE Handbook - Refrigeration Systems and Applications
• IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) — GWP data source
• GB/T 16483-2008 (Content and order of sections in safety data sheet for chemical products)
• GB 30000 series (Rules for classification and labelling of chemicals)
• United Nations GHS, 8th revised edition
• Montreal Protocol Kigali Amendment

16.2 Abbreviations

16.3 Disclaimer

This Safety Data Sheet (SDS) has been prepared in accordance with the UN GHS standard and applicable regulatory requirements. The information contained herein is based on publicly available chemical databases, technical literature, and national standards, and is believed to be accurate and complete as of the date of issuance. However, no warranty, express or implied, is made as to the absolute accuracy, completeness, or reliability of the information. Users should verify the applicability of the information for their specific use conditions and refer to the official SDS provided by the manufacturer/supplier for compliance purposes. The information in this document may be updated as new research findings and regulatory changes become available; periodic review of the latest version is recommended.