Safety Data Sheet (SDS) - 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (R142b)

1.1 Product identifier

1.2 Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

1.3 Emergency telephone number

National Chemical Emergency Hotline (China): +86-532-83889090 (24 hours)

Supplier Emergency Contact: +86-571-87024025

2.1 GHS classification

2.2 GHS label elements

Signal word: Danger

2.3 Other hazards

• Vapor is heavier than air (~3.5 times) and may spread long distances along the ground; may ignite and flash back from distant ignition sources.
• Flammable gas with explosive limits of 6.3%~15.0% by volume in air; auto-ignition temperature 632°C.
• Decomposes at high temperatures producing toxic and corrosive gases (hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, carbonyl fluoride, etc.).
• Cylinders may rupture or burst when heated due to increased internal pressure.
• HCFC-class ozone-depleting substance (ODP=0.065); controlled under the Montreal Protocol and being phased out globally.

3.1 Substance/mixture

This product is a pure substance.

3.2 Composition information

3.3 Impurity information

4.1 Description of necessary first aid measures

General advice: Remove victim from contaminated area immediately. Keep warm and at rest. Show this SDS to attending physician.

Inhalation:

• Move victim to fresh air immediately. Keep airway clear.
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
• If not breathing, give artificial respiration (preferably with bag-valve-mask or pocket mask; avoid mouth-to-mouth).
• If no pulse, start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately.
• Keep victim warm and at rest. Monitor condition closely.
• Seek medical attention immediately.

Skin contact (frostbite):

• Immediately flush affected area with large amounts of lukewarm water (37–40°C) to promote rewarming.
• Do NOT use hot water (>40°C) or direct heat (e.g., electric heaters).
• Do NOT rub or massage frostbitten area; this may worsen tissue damage.
• Carefully remove frozen clothing. If clothing sticks to skin, do NOT pull it off; cut around it.
• Cover with sterile dressing.
• Seek medical attention immediately.

Eye contact:

• Immediately hold eyelids open and rinse thoroughly with plenty of water or normal saline for at least 15 minutes.
• Ensure complete irrigation of all eye surfaces by lifting upper and lower lids.
• Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable.
• Seek medical attention immediately, preferably from an ophthalmologist.

Ingestion:

Not applicable. This substance is a gas at ambient temperature; ingestion exposure is not expected.

4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed

• Acute inhalation: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, ataxia, loss of consciousness, cardiac arrhythmia.
• Skin contact (liquid): frostbite (pale, hard skin, pain, blistering).
• Eye contact (liquid): severe frostbite, corneal damage, visual impairment.
• Fire/explosion: combustion products can cause chemical lung injury.

4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed

5.1 Extinguishing media

Suitable extinguishing media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide. For large fires, use water spray, foam, or regular fire-fighting agents. Note: For gas fires, do NOT extinguish the flame unless the gas source can be safely shut off; continued leakage may accumulate and cause a more severe explosion.

Unsuitable extinguishing media: Direct water jet (may spread the gas cloud).

5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture

• Flammable gas with explosive limits 6.3%~15.0% by volume in air; auto-ignition temperature 632°C.
• Vapor is heavier than air and may spread long distances along the ground; may ignite and flash back from distant ignition sources.
• Thermal decomposition at high temperatures produces toxic and corrosive gases: hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and carbonyl fluoride (COF₂).
• Cylinders may rupture or burst when heated; flying fragments may cause injury.
• May react violently with strong oxidizing agents.

5.3 Hazardous combustion products

Hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride (HCl), carbonyl fluoride (COF₂), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and other fluorinated/chlorinated compounds.

5.4 Advice for firefighters

• Firefighters must wear positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective fire-resistant clothing.
• If safe to do so, shut off gas source. If gas source cannot be shut off, do not extinguish the flame at the leak point.
• Cool containers with water spray from a safe distance until fire is extinguished.
• Immediately evacuate if containers show discoloration or if pressure relief devices begin to vent.
• Isolate the area; keep unauthorized personnel out.
• Avoid direct water jets on leaking liquefied gas.
• Prevent fire-fighting runoff from entering waterways and sewers.

6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

• Evacuate personnel from the leak area to upwind locations immediately. Establish a perimeter and restrict access.
• Eliminate all ignition sources (prohibit use of spark-generating equipment and tools).
• Emergency responders should wear SCBA, anti-static work clothing, cryogenic gloves, and eye protection.
• Enter from upwind direction.
• Stop leak if it can be done safely.
• Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
• Maintain emergency contact personnel for external support.

6.2 Environmental precautions

• Prevent gas from entering sewers, basements, or confined spaces (explosion hazard).
• Ventilate the area to accelerate dispersion.
• Minimize releases to control ozone-depleting substance emissions; recover whenever possible.
• Avoid release to atmosphere, waterways, or soil.

6.3 Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up

• Small leak: Increase ventilation to accelerate gas dispersion. Eliminate all nearby ignition sources. Monitor flammable gas concentration (below 10% of LEL).
• Large leak:
  • Immediately establish a restricted zone and evacuate downwind personnel.
  • Close source valve if safe to do so.
  • Recover using dedicated gas recovery equipment.
  • If recovery is not possible, use water fog/mist to dilute and reduce vapor concentration.
• Cylinder leak: Move cylinder to a well-ventilated safe area and vent slowly. If valve cannot be closed, contact supplier for professional handling.

6.4 Reference

See Section 8 (Exposure controls/personal protection) and Section 13 (Disposal considerations).

7.1 Precautions for safe handling

• Handle in closed systems with adequate natural ventilation or local exhaust.
• Personnel must be specially trained and strictly follow operating procedures. Certified personnel only.
• Prevent gas leakage into workplace atmosphere.
• Keep away from fire, heat sources, and open flames. No smoking in work areas.
• Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment.
• Avoid sparks; use explosion-proof tools and wear anti-static work clothing.
• Avoid contact with oxidizers and reactive metals.
• Handle cylinders carefully; do not drop, slide, roll, or bump cylinders.
• Equip area with leak emergency response equipment.
• Wear insulated gloves and eye/face protection when handling liquid to prevent frostbite.
• Periodically inspect cylinders, valves, and piping for leaks.
• Cylinders and piping must be grounded to prevent static electricity accumulation.

7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

• Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated flammable gas warehouse.
• Storage temperature should not exceed 30°C. Keep away from fire, heat sources, and direct sunlight.
• Store separately from oxidizers, reactive metals, halogens, and other incompatible materials.
• Storage area should be equipped with leak emergency response equipment and suitable containment materials.
• Cylinders must be stored upright with valve caps and safety rings in place, properly secured to prevent falling.
• Use explosion-proof lighting and ventilation systems.
• Prohibit use of equipment and tools that can generate sparks.
• Post clear "Flammable Gas" safety warning signs in storage areas.
• Implement two-person receiving/issuing and two-person custody system.
• Warehouse must be equipped with combustible gas detection and alarm devices.

7.3 Specific end uses

For industrial use only. Personnel must be professionally trained. Primarily used as an HCFC flammable refrigerant, foam blowing agent, and mixed refrigerant component. Do not use for direct food contact, medical inhalation, or other unapproved applications. Note: This substance is a controlled HCFC under the Montreal Protocol and is being phased out globally.

8.1 Control parameters

Note: Per GBZ 2.1-2019, this substance is not currently listed in the Chinese OEL table. However, flammability hazard must be noted; workplace concentration must remain far below the lower explosive limit (LEL = 6.3%).

8.2 Exposure monitoring methods

Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) or mass spectrometry (GC-MS); non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) analysis; combustible gas detectors.

8.3 Appropriate engineering controls

• Enclosed process design with general ventilation or local exhaust.
• Provide safety shower and eyewash station.
• Install combustible gas detection alarms in areas where leaks may occur (alarm set point not exceeding 25% of LEL).
• Use explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.
• All metal equipment, piping, and cylinders must be reliably grounded.

8.4 Individual protection measures

Respiratory protection:

• Normal conditions (below exposure limit): no special protection required.
• Elevated concentrations: half-face respirator with organic vapor cartridge is recommended.
• High concentration or emergency rescue/evacuation: positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) must be worn.

Eye/face protection:

• General handling: no special protection required.
• When handling liquid or potential liquid exposure: chemical safety goggles or face shield must be worn to prevent frostbite.

Skin protection:

• Hand protection: cryogenic-insulated gloves for liquid contact.
• Body protection: anti-static work clothing; cold-resistant clothing for liquid contact.
• Other: no smoking in work areas; wear anti-static shoes; use a buddy system when entering tanks or confined spaces.

8.5 Hygiene measures

• Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly after work.
• Maintain good personal hygiene.
• Ensure eyewash and emergency shower are available in the workplace.

9.1 Basic physical and chemical properties

9.2 Thermodynamic properties

9.3 Other safety data

10.1 Reactivity

Chemically stable under normal temperature and pressure, but is a flammable gas that may burn or explode upon contact with ignition sources or high temperatures.

10.2 Chemical stability

Stable under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, but must be kept away from fire and heat sources.

10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions

• May form explosive mixtures with air (explosive limits 6.3%~15.0%).
• Thermal decomposition at high temperatures produces toxic hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, and carbonyl fluoride.
• May react with alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and aluminum powder under high temperature or specific conditions.
• May react violently with strong oxidizing agents.

10.4 Conditions to avoid

High temperature, open flame, sparks, electrostatic discharge, direct heat sources, cylinder overpressure

10.5 Incompatible materials

Reactive metals (sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminum powder, magnesium powder, etc.), strong oxidizing agents, halogens

10.6 Hazardous decomposition products

Hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride (HCl), carbonyl fluoride (COF₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and other fluorinated/chlorinated compounds

10.7 Hazardous polymerization

Will not occur.

11.1 Information on toxicological effects

Acute toxicity:

11.2 Skin irritation/corrosion

Liquid contact can cause frostbite (physical injury), but is not a chemical corrosive.

11.3 Eye irritation/corrosion

Liquid contact can cause severe frostbite and corneal damage.

11.4 Respiratory or skin sensitization

No sensitization reported. Available animal test data and human epidemiology data show no sensitization effect.

11.5 Germ cell mutagenicity

In vitro and in vivo tests (Ames test, chromosome aberration test, etc.) show no mutagenic effect.

11.6 Carcinogenicity

Insufficient evidence for carcinogenicity.

• IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer): Not listed
• ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists): Category A4 (Not classifiable as a human carcinogen)
• EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency): Not classified

11.7 Reproductive toxicity

Animal studies show no significant reproductive or developmental toxicity at high concentrations. No human reproductive toxicity data available.

11.8 STOT-single exposure

• Narcotic effect (Category 3): Inhalation of high concentrations may cause central nervous system depression, manifested as dizziness, drowsiness, headache, and impaired consciousness.
• Cardiac effects: High-concentration exposure may cause cardiac arrhythmia, especially under stress or exercise (catecholamine sensitization).

11.9 STOT-repeated exposure

Repeated low-concentration exposure shows no significant target organ toxicity. Long-term animal inhalation studies have not shown clear organ damage.

11.10 Aspiration hazard

Not expected to cause aspiration pneumonia in gaseous form. However, high-concentration inhalation can cause CNS depression and cardiac sensitization. Inhalation of combustion products (hydrogen fluoride, etc.) can cause severe airway injury.

12.1 Ecotoxicity

12.2 Persistence and degradability

• Atmospheric degradation: Primarily degraded by reaction with hydroxyl radicals; atmospheric lifetime ~17 years.
• Biodegradability: Poorly biodegradable (not readily degraded by microorganisms).
• Hydrolysis: Not readily hydrolyzed at ambient temperature.
• Photodegradation: Can be photochemically degraded in the atmosphere.

12.3 Bioaccumulative potential

log P = 1.6. Low bioaccumulation potential (below the bioconcentration threshold of log P = 4.5).

12.4 Mobility in soil

Highly volatile in gaseous form. Low water solubility. High mobility. Volatilizes readily to atmosphere when released to soil.

12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment

Does not meet PBT (persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic) / vPvB (very persistent and very bioaccumulative) criteria.

12.6 Other adverse effects

• Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP): 0.065 (HCFC-class ozone-depleting substance; causes ozone layer damage)
• Global Warming Potential (GWP, 100-year time horizon): 2300 (relative to CO₂ = 1, significant greenhouse effect)
• This substance is a controlled substance under the Montreal Protocol (HCFC class) and is being phased out globally.
• Large releases significantly impact the ozone layer and global warming; emissions should be strictly controlled with priority on recovery and reuse.

13.1 Waste treatment methods

Product/residues:

• Do NOT release directly to atmosphere (ozone-depleting substance, flammable gas).
• Recovery and recycling (purification and reuse) is the preferred approach.
• If recovery is not feasible, dispose of through a licensed hazardous waste treatment facility.
• High-temperature incineration with alkaline scrubber for fluoride and chloride removal is an acceptable method.
• Do not discharge to sewers, waterways, or soil.

Contaminated packaging:

• Empty cylinders must be returned to supplier or a qualified facility for disposal. Do not discard or cut empty cylinders.
• Empty cylinders with residual pressure and flammable gas are managed as hazardous waste.

13.2 Special precautions for disposal

• Refer to national and local regulations before disposal (e.g., Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Law, Ozone-Depleting Substances Management Regulations, etc.).
• Personnel should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (see Section 8).
• Ensure good ventilation and eliminate all ignition sources to prevent flammable gas accumulation.
• Disposal must be performed by a qualified and licensed facility.
• Disposal records should be maintained.

14.1 UN number

2517 (1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, flammable liquefied gas)

14.2 UN proper shipping name

1-CHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE

14.3 Transport hazard class(es)

Class 2.1 Flammable gas

14.4 Packing group

Not applicable (Class 2 gases are not assigned a packing group)

14.5 Packing mark / Hazard label

• Primary hazard label: Flammable gas (red, Class 2.1)
• Subsidiary hazard label: None

14.6 Methods and materials for containment and packaging

• Seamless steel cylinders. Cylinders must comply with applicable national standards (e.g., GB 5099).
• Common package sizes: 13.6 kg, 50 kg, 100 kg, 400 kg, 800 kg cylinders and ISO tank containers.
• Cylinder valve outlet thread direction: left-hand thread for flammable gases.

14.7 Special requirements for different modes of transport

Road transport:

• Vehicles must have hazardous cargo transport license; exhaust pipes must be fitted with spark arrestors.
• Cylinders must have valve caps and safety rings in place.
• Cylinders generally laid flat with valves pointing in same direction; do not stack crosswise. Height must not exceed vehicle guardrail.
• Transport during early morning/evening in summer to avoid direct sunlight.
• Follow designated routes; do not stop in residential or densely populated areas.
• Must be equipped with anti-static grounding devices.

Rail transport:

• Prohibit hump shunting (no free-roll classification).
• Transport in boxcars; cylinders upright or laid flat and secured.

Marine transport (IMDG Code):

• UN 2517, Class 2.1
• Marine pollutant: No
• Stowage category: E (on deck only)

Air transport (ICAO/IATA DGR):

• UN 2517, Class 2.1
• Flammable gas
• Forbidden on passenger aircraft / cargo aircraft only (subject to quantity limits)

14.8 Special precautions for user

• Do not co-transport with oxidizers, reactive metals, halogens, or food/feed products.
• Vehicles must be equipped with appropriate fire extinguishing equipment and leak emergency response gear.
• Transport personnel must be specially trained and certified.
• Protect from sunlight, rain, and high temperature during transit; keep away from fire and heat sources.
• When stopping en route, stay away from fire, heat sources, and high-temperature areas.
• Exhaust pipes of vehicles carrying this product must be fitted with spark arrestors.
• Load and unload carefully to prevent damage to cylinders and fittings.
• Cylinders and vehicles must be reliably grounded during transport to prevent static electricity accumulation.

15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture

International regulations:

• UN GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals): 8th revised edition
• Montreal Protocol: Controlled ozone-depleting substance (HCFC class, ODP=0.065); being phased out globally
• Kyoto Protocol / Paris Agreement: Listed as greenhouse gas (GWP=2300, significant greenhouse effect)
• EU REACH Regulation (EC 1907/2006): Registered substance
• EU CLP Regulation (EC 1272/2008): Classification, labelling and packaging regulation
• EU F-Gas Regulation (EC 517/2014): Fluorinated greenhouse gas control
• US EPA SNAP Program: Approved for specific applications (being phased out)
• US OSHA HCS 2012: Hazard Communication Standard
• US DOT 49 CFR: Hazardous Materials Transportation Regulations
• ADR/RID: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road/Rail
• IMDG Code: International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
• IATA DGR: International Air Transport Association Dangerous Goods Regulations

15.2 Chemical safety assessment

Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out for this substance in the context of this SDS. Users should conduct their own assessment based on specific use conditions.

16.1 References

• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
• International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC)
• NOAA CAMEO Chemicals Database
• PubChem Compound Database
• ASHRAE Handbook - Refrigeration Systems and Applications
• GB/T 16483-2008 (Content and order of sections in safety data sheet for chemical products)
• GB 30000 series (Rules for classification and labelling of chemicals)
• United Nations GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals), 8th revised edition
• Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and its amendments

16.2 Abbreviations

16.3 Disclaimer

This Safety Data Sheet (SDS) has been prepared in accordance with the UN GHS standard and applicable regulatory requirements. The information contained herein is based on publicly available chemical databases, technical literature, and national standards, and is believed to be accurate and complete as of the date of issuance. However, no warranty, express or implied, is made as to the absolute accuracy, completeness, or reliability of the information. Users should verify the applicability of the information for their specific use conditions and refer to the official SDS provided by the manufacturer/supplier for compliance purposes. The information in this document may be updated as new research findings and regulatory changes become available; periodic review of the latest version is recommended.